The Social Contract Theory Since The United States

For this discussion, I am keen to discuss the Social Contract theory since I see this fundamental theory still directly affects today s politics in the United States as well as around the world. Contemporary study of neoliberalism and neo-conservatism as in the analysis of Wendy Brown (2006) or of political deliberation and deliberative democracy in the writing of Simone Chambers (2009) is a dynamic consequences of that basic concepts of democracy from the past. During its development, democracy has been falling-up. It is a way out for the improvement of human civilization and universal humanism, but democracy also contains a paradox per se. Overall the nature and dynamics of such democracy remains a never-ending study case for the scholars. This discussion is also part of efforts to respond to that paradoxical nature of democracy. Social Contract Theory If we look at the beginning part of US Constitution, this sentence raises question: â€Å"We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our prosperity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America† (Independence Hall Association, 2013b). Being started by the word „WEâ€Å", in my opinion, makes the point clear in two senses. First, the Framers of the Constitution realized the notion of social contract as the very nature of being a nation-state as emerged in the thinking of modernShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of John Stuart Mill s Veil Of Ignorance And The Classic Social Contract Theory Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pagesprompt one of the week three Justice Theory essay assignment, and yields an evaluation through considering various internal and external materials from weeks one through three. Accordingly, the organization of this exp loration concentrates on three areas of focus. First, this paper seeks to explain how the modern social contract theorist, John Rawls’, attempts to enhance the classic utilitarian views of John Stuart Mill, as well as the classic social contract theories of Thomas Hobbes and Jean JacquesRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1140 Words   |  5 Pagescritical issue on which they disagreed was on the nature of rights. In Hobbes’ view, people have no natural or inherent rights, and that in a state of nature, people would have no obligation to respect the rights of others. As a result, Hobbes argues that rights descend from a social contract: people have no incentive to respect the rights of others in a state of nature, so a government must intervene and prevent members of society from harming the freedom of others; therefore, the government is grantingRead MoreEssay about The Criticism of Social Contract Theories1232 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Tatum Schneidmiller Justice Theory Assignment #1 Ward Churchills criticism of social contract theory clearly applies to classic social contract theories that we discussed.   However, Rawls adds the veil of ignorance concept to his more modern social contract theory.   A) Explain the basics of Rawls and Churchills arguments and how they each criticize classic social contract theories.   B) Discuss whether or not Churchills argument applies to Rawls modification and explain how and why it doesRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1137 Words   |  5 Pagesone critical issue on which they disagreed was on the nature of rights. In Hobbes’ view, people have no natural or inherent rights, and that in a state of nature, people would have no obligation to respect the rights of others. As a result, Hobbes argues that rights descend from a social contract: because the rights of others are not respected in a state of nature, a government steps in and prevents members of society from harming the freedom of others; therefore, right s are granted by the governmentRead MoreEssay about Social Contract Theory1429 Words   |  6 Pagesbecause our current state of affairs, however twisted and convoluted it may be, has been determined as a norm, and agreed to by a majority. In the following pages I will show how modern social contract theory, especially that of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, grew into the divisive issue it is in contemporary political philosophy. I will do so by briefly unpacking the recent history of social contract theory and why it is a source of political divide today. Modern social contract theory can trace itsRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1659 Words   |  7 Pagescurrent state of affairs has been determined as a norm and agreed to by a majority. The following pages show how modern social contract theory especially that of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, grew into the divisive issue it is in contemporary political philosophy. Modern social contract theory can trace its roots to prominent thinkers Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. It is their thoughts on social contracts that lie at the center of the many spheres we are a part of. For Hobbes and Locke, social contractRead MoreUrsury Laws Essay696 Words   |  3 PagesConsequentialism and the social contract theory can provide similar viewpoints on this issue. Each one provides strengths and weaknesses in regards to these laws. Usury laws are regulations governing the amount of interest that can be charged on a loan. They specifically target the practice of charging excessively high rates on loans by setting caps on the maximum amount of interest that can be levied. These laws are designed to protect consumers. Consequentialism is the normative ethical theory that says thatRead MoreEvolution and the Modern Social Contract Theory : Essay Outline1050 Words   |  5 PagesThe Emergence of the Modern Social Contract Theory Essay Outline POLS 14033 – Political Ideas and Ideologies The Emergence of the Modern Social Contract Theory Essay Question: Firstly, in this essay, we will describe and analyze the various concepts of the evolution and emergence of the modern social contract theory thru the analysis of several of its key political thinkers. We will provide a detailed review of the concepts that have developed and that were crucial for theRead MoreAmerican Values in the Declaration of Independence Essay1258 Words   |  6 Pagessemi-unified country signed one of the most important documents in history. Since then the nation has shown signs of how different the country was from 1776 to the present. The Declaration of Independence is based on the social contract theory of government and is focused on equality, freedom, and power.These values have been both supported and contradicted in American history (Jefferson, pg.443). In the declaration, Jefferson states that â€Å"all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their CreatorRead MoreLocke And Rousseau s Theory Of A Social Contract1206 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent political philosophy. Locke and Rousseau have clearly distinct social contract theories, interpretations of man and the state of nature. In his work, Discourse on Inequality, establishes the idea of a fraudulent social contract. Rousseau further develops his political theory and discusses contemporary themes like the state of nature in, The Social Contract. There is a clear distinction between Rousseau’s theory and Locke’s theory as laid out in the, Second Treatise on Government. These two philosophers

Foreshadowing in Kate Chopins The Storm Essay - 1065 Words

Foreshadowing in The Stormnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Effectively using foreshadowing in a piece of literature enhances the readers curiosity. One clear example of such usage is seen in Kate Chopins writing. Her use of foreshadowing in the short storynbsp; The Storm adds an element of intrigue, holding the readers interest throughout. In this story a father and son, Bobinocirc;t and Bibi, are forced to remain in the store where they were shopping, waiting for an approaching storm to pass. Meanwhile, the wife and mother, Calixta, remaining at home, receives an unexpected visit from a former lover of hers, Alceacute;e. The two lovers ultimately consummate their relationship. Alceacute;e then departs once the storm subsides, at†¦show more content†¦This calmness, however, contrasts with the distant storm that has sinister intention accompanied by a sullen, threatening roar (665). Using such strong, serious expressions to describe the approaching storm, Chopin develops a tone that evokes a sense of excitement and even concern from the reader. Also, because of its threatening roar (655), one can infer that the storm will most likely be dangerous. Such an implication causes the reader to have heightened interest in what the storm will bring. nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Also, because it is introduced early on in the plot, it becomes clear that the main storys plot will develop and escalate from that point, possibly focusing on the actual Storm Exactly what effects the storm will have on the characters remain to be known, coaxing the reader to continue the story. A second foreshadow can be seen when Chopin emphasizes that Calixta and Alceacute;e have never been alone together since she got married. By mentioning that [s]he had not seen him very often since her marriage, and never alone facts are revealed and several questions raised. The reader learns that Calixta has probably not been married to Bobinocirc;t for a long time. nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Also, Calixtas relationship with Alceacute;e appears to have lessened once she did marry. Additionally, the reader learns that Calixta is entering an unfamiliar situation, because she has not been alone with Alceacute;e for someShow MoreRelatedThe Storm By Kate Chopin869 Words   |  4 Pagesespecially true in Kate Chopin’s short story, â€Å"The Storm.† Calixta went outside of her marriage for a sexual affair with Alcà ©e when he unexpectedly showed up and a storm came through. The three most prominent literary elements that were addressed in â€Å"The Storm† were foreshadowing, symbolism, and setting. First, there is foreshadowing in the story. Bae and Young agree that foreshadowing is when a story implies that something will happen in the future without saying it (1). In â€Å"The Storm,† an example ofRead MoreThe, Open Window, And The Husband, By Kate Chopin1615 Words   |  7 Pagesexpression of time. Kate Chopin was born in the late 1800’s, where she lived in both, St. Louis and Louisiana. She wrote about women, race, and the class system of the time period. Through her writing Chopin became a master at using contrast, natural imagery and cyclical stories to provoke deep observation into the issues into the human psyche, which was a time where women were not considered equal to that of men. Although contrast and natural imagery are uniquely placed in Chopin’s original work forRead MoreAnalysis Of The Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin895 Words   |  4 PagesIrony and Foreshadowing in Story of an Hour In the short story, Story of an Hour, Kate Chopin chronicles the short journey of a woman who has recently learned of the death of her husband from a railroad accident. Kate Chopin is known for her stories which revolve around women and the world from their perspective, and Story of an Hour is no exception. As a writer, Chopin utilizes and employs many rhetorical devices to add emotion and depth to her world. Though Story of an Hour is riddled with rhetoricalRead MoreThe Use of Symbolism to Foreshadow the Future in Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour and Toni Cade Bambaras The Lesson1673 Words   |  7 PagesThe Use of Symbolism to Foreshadow the Future in Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour and Toni Cade Bambaras The Lesson Often authors use signs to foreshadow events that will happen in the future in their stories. For example an author might write As he was walking down the dark eerie path dark skies began to form . Here the writer uses a usually negative sign to foreshadow a negative future. This is the most common way for authors to foreshadow in a story, but it isnt the only way. In someRead MoreKate Chopin s The Storm1706 Words   |  7 Pagesunimportant and inappropriate, Kate Chopin writes a story portraying a married woman in the 1890’s who involves herself in an adulterous relationship with her former lover, Alcee. In â€Å"The Storm,† Chopin refrains from condemning Calixta’s sexual immorality by drawing parallels between the storm and her passion while ultimately allowing Calixta to move from the traditional housewife to a more liberating feminist role. Chopin uses the symbol of the storm to portray the brewing storm, its peak, and end with

Significance of Employee Retention Policies

Question: Discuss about the Significance of Employee Retention Policies. Answer: Introduction: Successful human resource professionals must possess the required knowledge, experience, and skill to handle the needs of employees at workplace. Therefore, successful human resource professionals must understand the motivational policies, strategies for solving workplace conflicts as getting acquainted to the manner in which their chosen human resource functions, who their employees competitors are and their motivating policies and approaches of establishing a career-growing base for all employees. Moreover, Salamon (2011) argues that the approaches of differentiating human resources policies in the employees mind, the methods of planning and presenting new workplace ethics ensure that a higher friendly workplace and a viable manner to provide the training and assimilation of new recruits required to organizational success. According to Akar Topcu (2011), good governorship, motivating policies, good communication channel, and a strong employee-employer openness at workplace attracts driven and creative individuals, who are able to find effective solutions to the challenges that the competitors presents, including competition and unresponsive buyers among others. Apparently, Human Resource careers are highly specialized and socially engaging. However, the HR profession heavily draws on an individuals ability to match the organizational objectives and perceptions with the achievable plans of action the employees can offer (Storey 2007). Therefore, the HR department is divided into several categories including public relations, advertising, promotion managers, sales managers, brand managers, market research analysts, and marketing managers. For this paper, the key focus is on the role of the HR manager in drafting policies that aim at retaining more employees, whereby the HR profession is responsible for estimating the demand for the product, identifying the workplace leakages in which the employee may find hard to cope with, and developing motivational strategies that seek to maximize the organizations market share through employee satisfaction. Several factors influence individuals to work in certain organizations due to the organizations numerous growth opportunities in the opportunities and the high levels of compensation (Bratton Gold 2012). One of the traits that make one successful in the marketing profession is the nature of being social and outgoing, since one is able to easily interact with people and identify the existing workplace information gaps and the needs of the employees to allow facing minimal problems in motivating employees. Moreover, an HR professional must be an effective decision maker. One of the strengths of the HR profession is that it puts one on a constant path of growth (Edwards 2011). However, the hr profession involves high levels of pressure to perform and meet targets, an element that can often lead to dissatisfaction among the employees. The projects conceptual framework will chronicle around motivating employees, meeting their workplace and financial incentives as well as setting decision -making policies that favor employees voice and motivation. Project Proposal The HR requires a keen observation of the set ethical workplace policies and standards, whereby the failure to observe such standards my lead to business failure, especially with the modern day technologies and competition. One of the most crucial ethical issues in the retaining employees is through motivation and offering stable and sustainable working conditions (Dundon Rollinson 2011). However, with the present organizations that focuses on ensuring that companies conduct their businesses in an ethical and sustainable manner, and employees who indulge in unethical workplace frictions such as actions against the organizational policies must be punished. Hence, it is crucial to identify the key ethical issues that affect the HR and highlight approaches to resolve such issues for an effective organizational structure experience in organization. High retention of employees favors high performance, productivity and creation of a positive organizational image to the public. Background and Justification Problem definition- According to Armstrong 2012), the relationship gap between the employees and the employers seems to widen up. Conventionally, a proper way ought to be laid into the organizational policies to foster team-work and a healthy relationship for a higher performance. Through a stable relationship between the employer and the employee, a high retention rate will be witnessed abnormally. According to Kotler Keller (2006), motivation of employees and stable and safe working conditions highly links the employer-employee relationship towards achieving the set organizational objectives. Nevertheless, motivational skills and techniques vary among organizations, which create the performance gap in different companies. Apparently, expertise technocrats well-versed with the human resource skills to initiate balanced motivational skills must dominate the HR departments to avoid employee workplace dissatisfaction. In their pursuit to gain a higher workplace authority ladder, employees are likely to indulge in some unethical practices knowingly and unknowingly. The practices that are considered unethical include stereotyping, whereby some behavior may stereotype some members of the society. For instance, some commercial marketing/ leadership elements denote that a particular individual is a racist just because of religious differences, makes one happy, which is stereotypical since it would indicate that people who have not embraced cultural and religious differences (Lewis Saunders 2009). On the other hand, the exploitation of the social paradigms can offend certain groups of people. For instance, advertisements that feature a rich man charming an attractive woman may be interpreted that women are only interested with a mans wealth, an element that is not true for all women. Other employee ethical issues include focusing on the vulnerable audiences, such as religious/culturally indifferent employees, whereby the employees fail to match the quality of the actual performance to the financial incentives offered (Salamon 2011). Therefore, given the significant implications of the ethical issues that surround the HR profession, it is crucial to establish the policies that may lead to the rise in employee motivations, less workplace conflicts, and offering the employee voice a chance in organizational decision-making. The aims and objective of the project include: To establish the key human resource policy issues that affect the retention of employees in HR profession To determine the factors that contribute towards the development of the ethical issues at workplace To determine the role of the organization in resolving the workplace-related conflicts To establish the impact of engaging in employee voice practices on organizational performance, and in decision making process In order to achieve the projects aims and objectives, the research will seek to answer the following questions; What is the most common HR polices that employees at workplace are associated with? What are some of the factors that influence employees to remain in one company for a very long term in a good working relationship? How the workplace motivational does police affect the role and performance of HR professionals and the organization at large? What role do organizations play to ensure that their employees do not engage in the unethical workplace frictions? Literature Review According to Dundon and Rollinson (2011), previous empirical studies reveal that motivational theories in the employment arena have common motives; to satisfy and please the employee for high employees retention. Conventionally, current employers assess the employees capabilities and expertise to effectively select employees who will bring the much needed organizational value and growth. Therefore, employers have structured policies and alternative ways to retain employees through motivational strategies and improving the working conditions of the workers at large (Storey 2007). Therefore, modern organizations have workplace motivational theories in respect to performance police that aim at improving the quality and expertise of the employees in general. The two-factor theory: According to Fredrick Herzberg assertion, employees are retained through hygienic and motivator factors. These factors fulfill the employees satisfaction as well as enhancing career-ladder growth (Nasibov 2015). According to two-factor theory, hygiene factors revolve around job relationships, remuneration policies, and the workplace policies. On the other hand, motivator factors include performance appraisal, and promotional policies. The motivator factors retain employees through appreciation strategies, which make the employees, work and strive for the best in what they are good at. Appreciation element gives an employer the feeling of belonging, which ensures a high retention rate, hence higher job performance. Conventionally, the hygiene factors are the key motivational skills linked directly to performance and evaluation (Prosek 2001). If the hygiene factors could be eliminated, then the overall organizational performance would drop significantly in all departments. Ultimately, for high retention of employees, the hygiene motivating factors ought to be well-matched to employees performance to ensure that the organization remains as a going concern. Additionally, the distribution of power and delegation authority is often considered unethical if it fails to adhere to the set organizational workplace-hierarchy policies. Most organizations possess laws that regulate employees workplace practices, such as the reporting time, cultural/religious diversity approach, and the performance appraisal criteria (Purce 2014). However, most HR professionals often face tough moral and ethical behaviors at workplace, which force them to remain stern on employees as well as deny them some workplace privileges. As a result, employees may often get away with the illegal and unethical behavior at workplace, since they are very productive members and the organization cannot risk firing them. However, although such ethical issues have been highlighted in relation to the HR profession, little has been done to find out the solutions to the ethical issues, which could be crucial in building an effective employee retention framework. References Alfes, K, Shantz, A D, Truss, C, Soane, E.C. (2013). The link between perceived human resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour: a moderated mediation model.The international journal of human resource management,24(2), pp.330-351. Akar, E Topcu, B. (2011). An Examination of the Factors Influencing Employee motivation and work-related Attitudes , Journal of Internet Commerce, 1(1), 35-67. Armstrong, M. (2012). Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. London: Kogan Page Bratton, J Gold, J. (2012). Human Resource Management: Employee Motivation,. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Dundon, T Rollinson, D. (2011). Understanding Employment Relations. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Edwards, P. (2011). Conflict at Work: A Materialist analysis of Workplace Relations. Blackwell: Oxford University Kotler, P Keller, K. ( 2006). Marketing Management, Pearson, Upper Saddle River Lewis, P, Thornhill, A Saunders, M. (2009). Employee relations: Understanding the Employment Relationship. Harlow: Savage Publishers Nasibov, A. (2015). The impact of employee motivation on performance. New York: Prentice Hall Prosek, J. (2001). Army of Entrepreneurs Create an Engaged and Empowered Workforce for Exceptional Business. New York: AMACOM Purce, J (2014). The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management, Routledge Revivals, 2(2),67-69 Salamon, M. (2011). Industrial relations: Theory and Practice, Harlow: Prentice Hall Storey, J. (2007). Human Resource Management. London: Pearson

Racial Profliling Essay Essays - Offender Profiling,

Racial profiling must be stopped this is something that people around the world have had to deal with more and more. Stop stereotyping people do not make and assumption based on the color of someone's skin their ethnicity or religion everyone must be treated just as equal as other men and other women. In the united states this is a very big problem mainly because people of color are targeted by the law enforcement. All over the U.S this is a recurring problem and their has been stories of people of color not even being able to walk on the street or not being able to drive the vehicle that they bought without law enforcement stopping them or checking who the car is registered too. This is something that shouldn't even be a problem this outright just should not happen. He who gives himself entirely to his fellow-men appears to them useless and selfish; but he who gives himself partially to them is pronounced a benefactor and philanthropist (Thoreau C.D 14). This speaks to me because it is saying that a if you give someone all your information than you are useless after and selfish if you do not but if you give small points of yourself than they become more intrigued and will see you as useful to them . This is the same case with people like police officers they ask who you are and what you are doing and they want that information to see if you really are a bad person or not but the truth is that in the first place they probably shouldn't have stopped you at all but because of your appearance they make an assumption about you. Think about it is the world really equal because no one is treated fairly especially with law enforcement. When was the last time you heard a person of color be the same as the common man it's not right and it needs to change. All through history there has been racial profiling history has showed us this with the Fugitive Slave Act what is this you might ask well this made it so that if you were a slave that had escaped and left to a free state you must return to your owner. This caused many people of color to be taken if if free they would have been abducted taken from their family and get enslaved. How can we allow such things to happen. How can the United States be proud of this when we have not even been able to bring equality for all . Think Martin Luther King, great man fought for civil rights and was very peaceful but was treated very differently by law enforcement and by government because he was a colored man we speak of him to this day because of the change he has brought to our world it was beautiful it warmed hearts and gave hope even to people that we not of color they joined together and did something good but it is like we have came back to square one in a way. Law Enforcement is not the only thing that racial profiles you also see this in school if you believe it or not it is up to you. Teachers also make assumptions on the people they see the staff does the same but you may not notice it. There was a study and it showed that black student were about 4 times more likely more to get suspended or expelled can you tell me this is not partially due to racial profiling and everyone hates to see it especially the parents of these children. Racial profiling of colored students is just terrible we must change this because think about the people who aren't doing wrong but are put into the same category of people that are actually bad just because of the color of their skin. We must make a change and it all starts with us becoming better people.Law enforcement must change how they see people and should start to see people as one and not give people of color unequal treatment. In Conclusion to stop racial profiling not only do you need to change the